Amman Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Jordan

Spring and Fall

Amman experiences pleasant spring and fall seasons, with temperatures ranging from the mid-50s to mid-70s Fahrenheit (13-24 Celsius). These seasons offer ideal weather conditions for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and exploring the city’s many parks and historical sites. Spring is characterized by mild temperatures and occasional rainfall, while fall brings cooler temperatures and stunning foliage colors.

Summer and Winter

The summer months in Amman are hot and dry, with average temperatures reaching the high 80s to low 90s Fahrenheit (31-34 Celsius). The city experiences very little humidity, making the heat tolerable for most. Summer is a great time to seek refuge from the heat in the numerous indoor attractions, air-conditioned malls, or at swimming pools. During winter, temperatures drop significantly, averaging in the 40s to 50s Fahrenheit (4-10 Celsius). While snowfall is rare, the city often experiences cold, rainy spells, making it important to pack warm layers of clothing for this time of year.

Summer Temperatures in Amman

Amman, the capital of Jordan, experiences hot, dry summers with average temperatures consistently reaching above 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit). The hottest period typically falls between June and August, with July being the peak of the summer season. During this time, temperatures can soar to highs of 35-40 degrees Celsius (95-104 degrees Fahrenheit). The scorching summer sun and high levels of humidity can make it quite uncomfortable to venture outdoors, especially during the afternoon hours. To cope with the heat, locals and tourists alike seek refuge in air-conditioned spaces, such as shopping malls and museums.

Winter Temperatures in Amman

Amman’s winters, on the other hand, are generally mild and pleasant. Average temperatures range between 8-13 degrees Celsius (46-55 degrees Fahrenheit). December and January are the coldest months, with average lows dipping to around 4 degrees Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit). Although snowfall is rare in Amman, it occasionally occurs during the coldest periods. Despite the relatively mild temperatures, the winters can be unpredictable, with fluctuations between warm and cold days. During the occasional cold snap, temperatures can drop below freezing, necessitating warm clothing and heating.

Types of Clouds Observed in Amman, Jordan

Amman, the capital city of Jordan, is located in the semi-arid climate zone. As a result, the city experiences a wide variety of cloud formations throughout the year. Some of the most commonly observed cloud types include:

Cirrus clouds are thin, wispy clouds that are composed of ice crystals. They are often seen in the sky during clear weather and are the highest clouds in the atmosphere.
Cumulus clouds are puffy clouds that have a flat base. They are typically associated with fair weather, but can also develop into larger, more threatening clouds.
Stratus clouds are flat, gray clouds that cover the entire sky. They often produce drizzle or light rain and are associated with overcast weather.

Impact of Clouds on Amman’s Climate

Clouds play a significant role in Amman’s climate. They can affect the city’s temperature, humidity, and precipitation.

Temperature: Clouds can help to regulate Amman’s temperature by reflecting sunlight away from the city and by trapping heat near the ground. This can help to keep the city cooler during the summer months and warmer during the winter months.
Humidity: Clouds can also affect Amman’s humidity levels. When clouds are present, they can help to increase the humidity levels in the city. This can make the city feel more humid and uncomfortable, especially during the summer months.
Precipitation: Clouds are also responsible for producing precipitation in Amman. When clouds become saturated with water vapor, they can produce rain, snow, or sleet. The amount of precipitation that Amman receives can vary depending on the type of clouds that are present and the time of year.

Annual Precipitation Patterns

Amman, Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate with highly variable annual precipitation. On average, it receives around 290 mm (11.4 inches) of rainfall per year, distributed unevenly throughout the seasons. The majority of precipitation falls during the winter months (November to April), with January and February being the wettest. During this period, rainfall can be heavy and occasionally accompanied by thunderstorms. In contrast, the summer months (May to October) are extremely dry, with minimal rainfall.

Seasonal Variability and Droughts

The seasonality of precipitation in Amman is influenced by the interplay of different weather systems, including the Mediterranean westerlies and the subtropical anticyclone. During the winter, when the westerlies are active, Amman receives moist air from the Mediterranean Sea, leading to increased rainfall. However, during the summer, the subtropical anticyclone dominates, bringing dry and stable conditions that suppress precipitation. Extended periods of drought are not uncommon, particularly during the summer months and in certain years. Droughts can have severe impacts on water resources, agriculture, and the local economy.

Rainfall Patterns

Amman, the capital city of Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate with limited rainfall. The majority of precipitation falls during the winter months, from October to March, influenced by the Mediterranean synoptic system. Annual precipitation varies significantly, averaging around 200 mm (7.9 inches). Rainfall is characterized by intense downpours rather than consistent drizzle, which can lead to flash flooding, particularly in low-lying areas.

Temporal and Spatial Variability

Rainfall distribution in Amman exhibits both temporal and spatial variability. Temporal variability is evident in the interannual fluctuations, with some years receiving significantly more or less rainfall than the average. Spatial variability refers to the differences in precipitation across the city. The western parts of Amman, closer to the Mediterranean Sea, tend to receive more rainfall, while the eastern areas are drier. This variation is influenced by the topography of the city, with hills and higher elevations receiving slightly more precipitation than valleys and lower areas.

Historic Snowfall

Amman, the capital of Jordan, experienced an unprecedented snowfall in February 2023. The city was blanketed in a thick layer of snow, causing a standstill in daily life. Traffic came to a halt, schools and businesses were closed, and essential services were disrupted. The snowfall was so heavy that it even blocked access to the airport. The last time Amman saw such snowfall was in 1950, making this event a historical occurrence.

Effects on Infrastructure and Utility Services

The heavy snowfall put a significant strain on Amman’s infrastructure. Roads became impassable, causing major transportation delays. Snow removal crews worked around the clock to clear the roads, but progress was slow due to the sheer volume of snow. Power outages were also reported as snow and ice accumulated on power lines. The water supply was also affected, with some areas experiencing water shortages. Telecommunication networks were also disrupted, making it difficult for people to stay connected. Despite the challenges, local authorities and residents worked together to address the situation and restore essential services as quickly as possible.

Sunlight in Amman

Amman, the capital of Jordan, enjoys an abundance of sunshine throughout the year due to its location in the northern subtropical belt. The city experiences an average of 3,300 sunshine hours annually, making it one of the sunniest cities in the world. During the summer months (June-August), temperatures can reach up to 35°C (95°F), with almost 12 hours of sunlight per day. The heat, however, is tempered by the low humidity, making outdoor activities during the day comfortable.

Benefits of Sunlight

The abundant sunlight in Amman offers numerous benefits for its residents. Firstly, it promotes Vitamin D synthesis, which is essential for bone health and overall well-being. Secondly, sunlight exposure has been linked to reduced risk of certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and certain cancers. Thirdly, it improves mood and cognitive function by stimulating the release of endorphins and serotonin. Additionally, the sun’s warmth provides a sense of well-being and helps reduce stress levels. The high levels of sunlight in Amman contribute to its overall appeal as a desirable place to live and visit.

Visibility and Timing:

The moon’s visibility and timing in Amman, Jordan, vary throughout the month. During new moons, the moon is not visible at night. As the moon waxes and wanes, it becomes more or less visible, reaching its peak illumination at a full moon. The full moon typically rises around sunset and sets around sunrise, making it visible throughout the night.

Phases and Appearance:

The phases of the moon are determined by its position relative to the sun and Earth. When the moon is between the sun and Earth, its sunlit side is not visible, resulting in a new moon. As the moon orbits Earth, its visible portion gradually increases, leading to a waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, and waning crescent phases before returning to a new moon. The moon’s appearance changes throughout these phases, from a thin, crescent-shaped sliver to a fully illuminated disc during a full moon.

Humidity Levels in Amman, Jordan

Amman, Jordan’s capital city, experiences a relatively dry climate with low humidity levels throughout most of the year. The average annual relative humidity in Amman is approximately 45%. During the summer months (June to August), humidity levels typically hover around 35-45%, creating warm and dry conditions. The combination of low humidity and high temperatures can lead to low dew points, which can increase the risk of wildfires and other heat-related issues.

Seasonal Variations in Humidity

Humidity levels in Amman vary slightly depending on the season. During the winter months (December to February), humidity levels tend to be higher, with an average relative humidity of around 60-70%. This increase in humidity is due to the influx of moisture from the Mediterranean Sea. As the winter progresses and temperatures rise, humidity levels gradually decrease, reaching their lowest point during the summer months.

Wind Patterns in Amman, Jordan

Amman, situated in the arid West Asian region, experiences a semi-arid climate marked by low annual rainfall and moderate temperatures throughout the year. Wind plays a significant role in shaping the city’s weather patterns, influencing both its humidity and temperature. Prevailing winds in Amman typically come from the northwest, bringing cooler air during the summer months and contributing to pleasant daytime temperatures. In the winter, northwesterly winds bring cold and rainy conditions, while in the spring and autumn, the transition of wind patterns brings variations in temperature and humidity.

Impact of Wind on Amman’s Environment

The wind in Amman has noticeable effects on the city’s environment. Strong winds can create dust storms, which reduce visibility and can cause respiratory problems. The arid climate and semi-arid conditions also make Amman prone to soil erosion, with wind exacerbating the loss of topsoil. Conversely, the wind also helps to disperse pollutants and improve air quality, especially during the summer months when high temperatures can lead to increased smog. Understanding Amman’s wind patterns is crucial for planning urban development and mitigating environmental concerns, as well as for predicting weather conditions and preparing for potential wind-related hazards.

Spring and Autumn: Ideal Seasons for Exploration

For optimal weather conditions, consider visiting Amman during the shoulder seasons of spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November). Temperatures range from mild to warm, averaging around 20-25°C (68-77°F), making it pleasant for walking and exploring the city. These seasons also offer fewer crowds, allowing you to enjoy Amman’s attractions without the hustle and bustle of peak season.

Summer and Winter: Extremes to Consider

While not recommended for first-time visitors, Amman’s summer (June-August) can be intensely hot, with temperatures soaring above 40°C (104°F). If you choose to visit during this period, take extra precautions, stay well-hydrated, and avoid strenuous activities during peak heat hours. Conversely, winters (December-February) bring cold and occasional rain, with temperatures dropping to around 10°C (50°F). Although Amman’s attractions remain open, prepare for colder weather and expect reduced hours for some outdoor activities.

Solar Energy Potential in Amman

Amman, the vibrant capital of Jordan, enjoys an abundance of solar energy resources. The city lies in the Jordanian desert, a region characterized by a high concentration of solar radiation. Studies have indicated that Amman receives an average of 6 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of solar energy per square meter per day, one of the highest levels in the Middle East. This remarkable potential makes solar energy a highly viable and attractive source of electricity for the city.

Government Initiatives and Progress

Recognizing the significant potential of solar energy, the Jordanian government has implemented various initiatives to promote its adoption in the country. In 2011, the National Energy Strategy was launched, setting ambitious targets for renewable energy development, including solar power. This strategy has been instrumental in attracting investments and spurring progress in the solar energy sector. As a result, Amman has witnessed the installation of large-scale solar farms and the widespread adoption of rooftop solar systems. In 2021, the city generated over 300 megawatts (MW) of solar electricity, accounting for a substantial portion of its energy needs. Furthermore, ongoing research and development efforts continue to enhance the efficiency and affordability of solar energy solutions, making them increasingly accessible to businesses and residents alike.

Amman’s Geographic Setting

Amman is situated in the western highlands of Jordan, nestled among seven hills: Jabal Amman, Jabal al-Lweibdeh, Jabal al-Ashrafiyeh, Jabal al-Qala’a, Jabal al-Taj, Jabal al-Weibdeh, and Jabal al-Hussein. These hills give the city its distinctive topography, creating a series of ridges and valleys that shape its urban landscape. The highest point in Amman is Jabal al-Qala’a, which rises to an elevation of over 1,000 meters above sea level. The city’s topography provides a natural defense, making it a strategic location for settlement throughout history.

Impact on Urban Development

Amman’s hilly terrain has had a significant impact on its urban development. The city’s infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and buildings, has been shaped by the need to navigate the hills. The ridges and valleys have also influenced the distribution of residential and commercial areas, with certain neighborhoods and districts concentrated on specific hillsides. Additionally, the topography has presented challenges in terms of water management, as the hills create natural barriers to the flow of water. As a result, Amman has developed a complex system of water reservoirs and distribution channels to ensure an adequate supply of water to all parts of the city.

Queen Alia International Airport (AMM)

Queen Alia International Airport (AMM) is the primary international airport serving Amman, the capital of Jordan. Located approximately 35 kilometers (22 miles) south of Amman city center, AMM is the largest airport in the country and a major hub for both domestic and international flights. The airport features two passenger terminals, a cargo terminal, and a runway system capable of handling wide-body aircraft. AMM serves as a gateway for both leisure and business travelers, connecting Jordan to destinations throughout the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and North America.

Convenient and Accessible

Queen Alia International Airport is strategically located, providing easy access to both Amman city center and other destinations within Jordan. The airport offers a range of transportation options for passengers, including taxis, buses, and rental cars. AMM is also connected to the surrounding region via a network of highways and rail lines. The airport’s modern facilities and amenities ensure a comfortable and efficient travel experience for passengers, with a variety of shops, restaurants, and lounges available. AMM is committed to providing a seamless and hassle-free experience for travelers, making it the preferred airport for those visiting Amman and Jordan.

Vibrant City Center

Amman’s city center is a bustling hub of activity, home to iconic landmarks and modern amenities. The renowned Citadel stands tall amidst the city, offering breathtaking panoramic views and showcasing remnants of Jordan’s rich history. Visitors can immerse themselves in the vibrant atmosphere of Rainbow Street, lined with charming cafes, art galleries, and boutiques. The Roman Amphitheater, a testament to Amman’s ancient legacy, serves as a venue for live performances and events.

Cultural and Historical Heritage

Amman boasts a wealth of cultural and historical attractions that captivate visitors. The Jordan Museum houses an impressive collection of archaeological artifacts, providing insights into the country’s diverse heritage. The Royal Automobile Museum showcases a fascinating array of vintage and classic cars. The King Abdullah I Mosque, with its stunning blue domes and intricate mosaics, is a testament to Jordan’s Islamic heritage. Visitors can also explore Jabal Al-Weibdeh, an eclectic neighborhood known for its historic architecture, cozy cafes, and vibrant art scene.