Aligarh Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – India

Summer (April-June)

Aligarh experiences scorching summers with temperatures consistently exceeding 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit). The months of May and June are particularly hot, with average temperatures hovering around 43-45 degrees Celsius (109-113 degrees Fahrenheit). The intense heat is accompanied by low humidity, making the weather uncomfortable and dry. This period is characterized by occasional thunderstorms and dust storms, providing temporary respite from the oppressive heat.

Monsoon (July-September)

The monsoon season brings much-needed relief from the summer heat. Aligarh receives moderate rainfall during this period, with an average of 600-800 millimeters (24-32 inches) of precipitation. The rainfall is sporadic, with heavy showers alternating with periods of sunshine. Temperatures range between 30-35 degrees Celsius (86-95 degrees Fahrenheit), and the humidity remains high throughout the season. The monsoon brings lush greenery to the city, transforming its parched landscape.

Monthly Average Temperatures

Aligarh, located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, experiences significant seasonal variations in temperature. The hottest months are May and June, with average temperatures ranging from 38°C (100.4°F) to 40°C (104°F). During these months, the city experiences extreme heat and humidity, often reaching oppressive levels. The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 12°C (53.6°F). December and February are also relatively cold, with average temperatures hovering around 15°C (59°F).

Seasonal Variations

The summer season in Aligarh lasts from March to October, with the monsoon period typically occurring from July to September. During the monsoon, the city receives heavy rainfall, which can lead to flooding and water-logging. The winter season lasts from November to February, and it is characterized by dry and mild weather. During this time, the temperature can drop significantly, particularly during the night. The city experiences occasional fog and mist during the winter months.

Cloud Types in Aligarh

Aligarh is blessed with diverse cloud formations throughout the year. During the monsoon season (July-September), heavy precipitation clouds, such as cumulonimbus and nimbostratus, dominate the sky. These clouds bring heavy rainfall, often accompanied by thunder and lightning. In the winter months (November-February), cold and dry weather conditions prevail, resulting in the formation of stratus and stratocumulus clouds. These clouds cover the sky with a uniform gray or white layer, providing a blanket of warmth and insulation.

Impact of Cloud Cover on Local Weather and Climate

Cloud cover plays a significant role in influencing the local weather and climate of Aligarh. Cumulonimbus clouds, associated with thunderstorms, contribute to the city’s heavy and frequent rainfall during the monsoon season. These clouds release large amounts of heat and moisture into the atmosphere, causing intense thunderstorms and sometimes leading to flash floods. Conversely, stratus and stratocumulus clouds, prevalent during winter, reflect sunlight away from the earth’s surface, resulting in cooler temperatures. The presence of cloud cover also affects humidity levels, with higher cloud cover reducing evaporation and increasing atmospheric moisture.

Seasonal Distribution of Precipitation

Aligarh, India, experiences a distinct seasonal distribution of precipitation, characterized by a well-defined monsoon season and relatively dry conditions during the rest of the year. The monsoon season, which typically spans from June to September, accounts for the majority of the city’s annual rainfall. During this period, the southwest monsoon winds carry moisture-laden air from the Arabian Sea, resulting in heavy and frequent rainfall. The peak rainfall occurs in July and August, with average monthly totals exceeding 200 millimeters (8 inches).

Annual Precipitation and Variability

Aligarh has an average annual precipitation of approximately 800 millimeters (32 inches). However, there is significant variability in rainfall patterns from year to year. Droughts and periods of excessive rainfall are not uncommon. The driest months are typically December and January, when rainfall averages less than 10 millimeters (0.4 inches). The highest variability in precipitation is observed during the monsoon season, with some years experiencing significantly more or less rainfall than normal. These variations can impact water availability, crop production, and various other socio-economic aspects of the region.

Average Rainfall and Seasonal Distribution

Aligarh, located in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, experiences moderate rainfall. The average annual rainfall is approximately 800 mm, with the majority falling during the monsoon season between June and September. During this period, heavy downpours are common, often leading to flash floods and waterlogging in low-lying areas. The pre-monsoon season (March-May) also brings some rainfall, while the winter months (November-February) are relatively dry.

Variability and Extreme Events

Rainfall in Aligarh can exhibit significant variability from year to year. Droughts, characterized by extended periods of below-average precipitation, occasionally occur, affecting agricultural productivity and water availability. Extreme rainfall events, such as cloudbursts or cyclones, can also cause substantial damage to infrastructure and property. In recent years, the city has experienced an increase in the frequency and intensity of such extreme weather events, attributed to climate change.

Causes of Snowfall

Snowfall is a rare phenomenon in Aligarh, India, a city located in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh. However, on January 6, 2023, the city experienced a brief but significant snowfall, marking the first time in over a decade. The snowfall was attributed to a combination of factors, including the arrival of a cold front from the Himalayas, bringing with it cold and dry air. Additionally, moisture from the Bay of Bengal was carried inland by the front, creating conditions conducive to snow formation. The cold air from the Himalayas, coupled with the moisture from the Bay of Bengal, resulted in the formation of snow clouds that released their precipitation over Aligarh.

Impact of Snowfall

The snowfall in Aligarh caused widespread disruption, with schools and businesses being closed for the day. The city’s roads became impassable, as the snow accumulated to a thickness of several inches in some areas. Traffic was brought to a standstill, and people struggled to move around the city. However, the snowfall was also met with joy and excitement by residents, who took to the streets to enjoy the rare winter spectacle. Children built snowmen and engaged in snowball fights, while others simply marveled at the beauty of the snow-covered city.

Sun’s Impact on Temperature

Aligarh, India experiences significant sunlight throughout the year, with an average of 8 to 10 hours of sunshine per day. During the summer months from April to June, the sun’s intensity is particularly strong, leading to high temperatures that often exceed 40 degrees Celsius. The combination of intense heat and humidity can create uncomfortable and potentially dangerous conditions. Residents seek shelter indoors or in shaded areas during the hottest hours of the day, and air conditioning is commonly used to provide relief.

Sun’s Role in Agriculture and Energy

Sunlight is a vital resource for agriculture in Aligarh, India. The ample sunshine allows farmers to cultivate a wide variety of crops, including wheat, rice, and sugarcane. The sun’s energy is also essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. Additionally, Aligarh is exploring the potential of solar energy as an alternative energy source. The abundance of sunshine makes the city a suitable location for the establishment of solar power plants and the widespread adoption of rooftop photovoltaic systems.

Appearance and Visibility

In Aligarh, India, the Moon, Earth’s natural satellite, exhibits various phases throughout the month as it orbits our planet. The new Moon, when it’s completely dark and invisible, typically occurs around the middle of the month. The crescent Moon, a thin sliver of light, becomes visible a few days later. It waxes over the next week, gradually becoming a quarter Moon and then a half Moon. The full Moon, when the entire face of the Moon is illuminated, usually occurs around the end of the month. After this, the Moon gradually wanes until it becomes a quarter Moon and finally returns to the new Moon phase.

Cultural Significance

The Moon holds great significance in Indian culture and astrology. It is believed to influence a person’s health, wealth, and relationships. The full Moon is considered auspicious and is often associated with festivals, religious ceremonies, and celebrations. People make offerings to the Moon and perform rituals to seek blessings. In Aligarh, the full Moon night is a time for social gatherings and festivities. It is also believed that sleeping under the moonlight can be beneficial for health and well-being.

Diurnal and Seasonal Humidity Patterns

Aligarh experiences diurnal and seasonal variations in humidity. During the day, humidity levels tend to be lower, typically ranging from 40-60% in the morning and gradually increasing to 70-80% by evening. This increase is primarily attributed to the daytime heating of the air, which can hold more moisture. During the night, as temperatures cool, the air’s moisture-holding capacity decreases, leading to a drop in humidity levels to around 60-70%.

Seasonally, Aligarh experiences higher humidity during the monsoon season (June-September). During this period, the city is influenced by moisture-laden winds from the Bay of Bengal, resulting in high humidity levels of 80-90%. The monsoon season is also characterized by frequent rainfall, which further contributes to the elevated humidity. In contrast, the winter season (November-February) is relatively dry, with humidity levels dropping to around 50-60%. The cold temperatures and reduced rainfall during this period result in lower moisture content in the air.

Wind Patterns in Aligarh

Aligarh, located in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, experiences distinct wind patterns influenced by both local and regional factors. During the summer months (March-June), Aligarh is affected by the southwesterly monsoon winds, which bring moisture and rainfall to the region. These winds originate from the Arabian Sea and travel across the Indian peninsula, bringing relief from the scorching heat. During the winter months (December-February), the region experiences predominantly northwesterly winds, which are cooler and drier. These winds originate from the Himalayan mountain range and bring cold air from the north.

Wind Speed and Direction

The wind speed in Aligarh varies seasonally. During the summer, winds can reach speeds of up to 10-15 kilometers per hour, while in the winter, they typically range from 5-10 kilometers per hour. The direction of the wind also changes seasonally, as mentioned earlier. In addition to the seasonal wind patterns, Aligarh can also experience occasional thunderstorms and dust storms, especially during the summer months. These events can bring strong winds and heavy rainfall, often causing damage to property and infrastructure.

Winter (October to March)

Aligarh experiences pleasant winters with temperatures ranging between 10 to 25 degrees Celsius. This is an ideal time to visit for those seeking to explore the city’s historical monuments, such as the Aligarh Fort and the Tomb of Nawab Zulfiqar Khan. The dry and sunny weather provides clear skies, making it perfect for sightseeing and outdoor activities. Furthermore, winter is a popular time for festivals and celebrations, adding to the lively atmosphere of the city.

Summer (April to June)

Summer in Aligarh is characterized by hot and humid weather, with temperatures often exceeding 40 degrees Celsius. While it is not the most comfortable time to visit, some may find it suitable for exploring the city’s museums and indoor attractions, such as the Maulana Azad Library and the Aligarh Muslim University Museum. However, it is essential to take precautions during this time, stay hydrated, and avoid outdoor activities during the hottest hours of the day.

Current Scenario and Potential of Solar Energy in Aligarh

Aligarh, a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, has a significant potential for solar energy generation. The city receives ample sunlight throughout the year, making it an ideal location for solar power projects. The total installed solar capacity in Aligarh is currently around 20 MW, with several large-scale solar farms and numerous rooftop solar systems contributing to the city’s energy mix. Additionally, the government is actively promoting solar energy adoption, providing incentives and subsidies to encourage its use.

Government Initiatives and Future Prospects

The government of India has set an ambitious target of achieving 100 GW of solar power generation capacity by 2022. To achieve this goal, the government is implementing various policies and programs to promote solar energy development. In Aligarh, the government has launched several initiatives to encourage solar power adoption, including the “Uttar Pradesh Solar Energy Policy 2017,” which provides financial incentives and other support to solar project developers. With the government’s support and the growing awareness of the benefits of solar energy, the city is expected to witness a significant increase in solar power generation in the coming years.

General Topography

Aligarh district is situated in the north-central part of Uttar Pradesh, India. It lies in the southern Gangetic plains and borders the states of Rajasthan and Haryana. The topography of Aligarh is characterized by a flat and fertile landscape, with a gentle slope towards the southeast. The district is traversed by several rivers, including the Yamuna, which forms its eastern boundary, and the Ganga, which flows through the district’s southern part. The soil in Aligarh is predominantly alluvial and highly suitable for agriculture.

Geomorphic Features

Aligarh district exhibits a variety of geomorphic features, including floodplains, terraces, and ravines. The Yamuna floodplain is a fertile strip of land that runs along the eastern edge of the district. It is characterized by a gently undulating topography and is extensively cultivated. The Ganga floodplain is located in the southern part of the district and is also a major agricultural area. Terraces are found in elevated areas of the district and are often used for grazing or forestry. Ravines are deep and narrow gullies that are found in the northern and western parts of Aligarh. They are the result of erosion caused by heavy rainfall and are a significant environmental hazard.

Nearest Airport

The nearest airport to Aligarh, India, is the Kheria Airport (AGR), also known as the Agra Airport. It is located approximately 110 kilometers (68 miles) southwest of Aligarh city, in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Kheria Airport is a domestic airport that handles flights to and from major cities within India, including Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata. It is connected to Aligarh by road, with a journey time of about two to three hours, depending on traffic.

Alternative Airports

In addition to Kheria Airport, there are two other airports within a reasonable distance of Aligarh. The Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL), located in New Delhi, is approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) northwest of Aligarh. It is a major international airport with extensive domestic and international connectivity. However, the journey time from DEL to Aligarh is longer, taking about four to five hours by road. Alternatively, the Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport (LKO), located in Lucknow, is approximately 170 kilometers (106 miles) southeast of Aligarh. It is a smaller airport with fewer flight options but may offer a more convenient connection for those traveling from the eastern parts of India.

History and Culture

Aligarh is an ancient city in Uttar Pradesh, tracing its roots back to the medieval era. It gained prominence during the 19th century as a center of Islamic learning and culture. The city is home to the renowned Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), established in 1875 as the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College. AMU has played a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual landscape of India and has produced many eminent scholars, writers, and politicians. Aligarh also boasts a rich artistic heritage, with noted musicians, poets, and artisans.

Industry and Economy

Aligarh has a diversified industrial base, with agriculture, manufacturing, and services contributing to its economy. The city is known for its renowned lock industry, which dates back to the 18th century. Aligarh’s locks are renowned for their intricate craftsmanship and durability. Other industries include textiles, leather goods, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, Aligarh has also emerged as a hub for IT and software development. The city is home to several technology parks and engineering colleges, which attract a skilled workforce.