Aleppo Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Syria

Summer

Aleppo experiences hot and dry summers, with average temperatures reaching up to 33°C (91°F) in July and August. The humidity levels are generally low, resulting in a mostly comfortable climate despite the high temperatures. However, the summer months can also witness occasional dust storms from the nearby desert areas. Rain is infrequent during this season, with most of the precipitation occurring in the form of brief thunderstorms.

Winter

Winters in Aleppo are cold and wet, with average temperatures dropping to around 5°C (41°F) in January. Heavy rainfall is common throughout the winter months, contributing significantly to the city’s annual precipitation. Snowfall is occasional but can occur during the coldest periods, often resulting in disruptions to daily life. The humidity levels tend to be higher than during the summer, leading to a generally damp and chilly atmosphere.

Seasonal Temperatures

Aleppo, a city in northern Syria, experiences a hot, dry summer with average temperatures reaching into the high 30s Celsius (low 100s Fahrenheit). The warmest months are July and August, with average daytime highs of 38°C (100°F) and nighttime lows of 23°C (73°F). The city sees little rainfall during this period, with most precipitation falling during the winter months.

Winter Temperatures

In the winter, Aleppo has a cold, wet climate with average temperatures hovering around 10°C (50°F). The coldest months are January and February, with average daytime highs of 13°C (55°F) and nighttime lows of 2°C (36°F). Snowfall is not uncommon during these months, and the city can experience occasional frost. Precipitation is more frequent in the winter, with rainfall occurring on an average of 10 days per month.

Characteristics of Clouds in Aleppo, Syria

The clouds that blanket the skies of Aleppo, Syria, exhibit diverse characteristics influenced by the region’s unique climate. The Mediterranean Sea to the west brings moist air, contributing to the formation of low-lying clouds, such as stratocumulus and cumulus. These dense clouds often appear in layers and obstruct direct sunlight, making the atmosphere hazy and overcast. Conversely, during the dry summer months, high-altitude clouds known as cirrus and cirrocumulus become prevalent. These thin, wispy clouds are made of ice crystals and allow more sunlight to penetrate the atmosphere.

Types of Clouds

The meteorological conditions in Aleppo give rise to various cloud types throughout the year. Stratiform clouds, characterized by their uniform, sheet-like appearance, are common during winter and spring. They are responsible for long periods of drizzle or light rain. Cumuliform clouds, with their rounded, puffy tops, indicate fair weather and can bring occasional showers. Cumulonimbus clouds, towering vertically, often produce thunderstorms with lightning, heavy rainfall, and sometimes hail. Cirroform clouds, composed of ice particles, are high-altitude formations that often appear in the form of streaks or thin veils of white.

Annual Precipitation

Aleppo, Syria experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The city receives an average of 300 millimeters (11.8 inches) of precipitation annually, which is relatively low compared to other parts of the country. Most precipitation occurs during the winter months, with January being the wettest month. During the summer months, precipitation is scarce, with July and August typically being the driest months.

Pattern and Variability

The precipitation pattern in Aleppo is influenced by the city’s location on the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea. During the winter, prevailing westerly winds carry moist air masses from the Mediterranean toward the region, resulting in increased precipitation. As the air rises and cools, it condenses, forming clouds and eventually leading to rainfall. In the summer, however, the winds shift direction, bringing dry air from the interior of the country, which suppresses precipitation. In addition, the presence of the Taurus Mountains to the south of Aleppo also contributes to the city’s precipitation pattern, as they act as a barrier to rain-bearing clouds. As a result, precipitation can exhibit significant variability from year to year, with some years experiencing severe droughts while others receive much higher rainfall.

Monthly Rainfall Distribution

Aleppo, Syria, experiences a semi-arid climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The city receives an average annual rainfall of around 300 mm (12 inches), with the majority falling between October and May. During summer months (June-September), rainfall is scarce, averaging less than 10 mm (0.4 inches) per month. Conversely, winter months (December-February) are relatively wet, with average rainfall exceeding 50 mm (2 inches) per month. The wettest month on average is January, with around 60 mm (2.4 inches) of rainfall.

Variability and Extremes

Aleppo’s rainfall pattern is highly variable, both within and between years. Annual rainfall can fluctuate significantly, ranging from as low as 150 mm (6 inches) during dry years to over 500 mm (20 inches) during wet years. Extreme rainfall events, such as heavy downpours and thunderstorms, are not uncommon during the winter months and can lead to flooding and other weather-related hazards. Additionally, the city has experienced occasional droughts, particularly during summer months, resulting in water shortages and agricultural losses.

The Beauty of Winter’s Embrace

Aleppo, a city steeped in history and resilience, has transformed into a picturesque winter wonderland. Snowflakes dance in the air, painting the ancient streets and minarets in a pristine embrace. The cityscape shimmers under a blanket of white, its usual bustle replaced by a serene tranquility. The inhabitants of Aleppo marvel at the beauty of snowfall, a welcome respite from the harsh realities of recent times.

A Symbol of Hope Amidst Conflict

Despite the ravages of ongoing conflict, the snowfall has brought a glimmer of hope to Aleppo. It has temporarily halted the fighting, offering a respite for civilians. The snow-covered streets have become a place for children to play and families to gather, creating a sense of community amidst the chaos. The beauty of snowfall serves as a reminder of the indomitable spirit of Aleppo’s people, who have endured countless hardships with unwavering resilience.

Climate and Sun Exposure in Aleppo

Aleppo, a city in northwestern Syria, experiences a hot and dry climate characterized by long, sunny days throughout the year. With an average of over 3200 hours of sunshine annually, Aleppo is one of the sunniest cities in the world. The sun’s intense radiation in Aleppo is a result of its geographical location, situated in a rain shadow region where cloud cover is minimal. During the summer months, temperatures can soar to over 40 degrees Celsius, making sunscreen and protective clothing essential to avoid sunburn and heat-related illnesses.

Sun and Health in Aleppo

The abundant sunshine in Aleppo has both benefits and drawbacks for its inhabitants. While exposure to sunlight is crucial for vitamin D synthesis and bone health, excessive sun exposure can also pose health risks. Over time, excessive UV radiation can lead to skin aging, wrinkles, and an increased risk of skin cancer. To mitigate these risks, residents of Aleppo are encouraged to practice sun safety measures such as wearing sunscreen with a high SPF, covering up with clothing, hats, and sunglasses, and seeking shade during peak sun hours. Regular skin examinations are also recommended to monitor for any concerning changes.

Moon in Aleppo, Syria

The Moon is a prominent celestial body in the night sky of Aleppo, Syria. Its cyclical phases and movements have been observed by people in this region for centuries. The Full Moon, for instance, rises at sunset and remains visible throughout the night, casting a bright glow on the city. During the New Moon, the Moon is not visible, creating a dark night sky suitable for stargazing.

The Moon’s phases also hold cultural and religious significance in Aleppo. The Islamic lunar calendar is based on the phases of the Moon, and many Muslim holidays and observances are determined by specific lunar events. Additionally, the crescent moon and star is a symbol commonly associated with Islam and is often displayed on religious buildings and objects.

Annual Humidity Trends

Aleppo, Syria experiences significant variations in humidity throughout the year. During the summer months (June to August), humidity levels soar, with average relative humidity ranging from 40% to 65%. The city’s proximity to the Mediterranean Sea and the moist air it carries contribute to these high humidity levels. The city also experiences frequent dust storms, especially during the spring and fall, which can further increase humidity.

Seasonal Patterns

Humidity in Aleppo follows a seasonal pattern. During the winter months (December to February), humidity levels are considerably lower, typically ranging from 20% to 35%. This is due to the influence of cold, dry air masses from the north. As temperatures rise in the spring (March to May), humidity levels gradually increase, preparing for the peak humidity season during the summer. Similarly, as temperatures decline in the fall (September to November), humidity levels slowly decrease, leading into the drier winter months.

Current Wind Conditions

As of today, the wind in Aleppo, Syria, is experiencing moderate to strong gusts. The direction of the wind is predominantly from the west-southwest, with speeds ranging from 20 to 30 kilometers per hour (12 to 19 miles per hour). The wind has a slight chill in the air, creating a cool and refreshing breeze. The humidity levels are relatively low, hovering around 30%. Visibility is good, with no significant dust or haze obstructing the view.

Forecast

The wind conditions in Aleppo are expected to remain similar in the coming days. The west-southwest wind will continue to dominate, with speeds slightly increasing over the weekend. On Saturday, wind gusts could reach up to 35 kilometers per hour (22 miles per hour). However, the wind is not expected to cause any significant disruptions or damage to the city. The humidity levels will remain low, while temperatures will rise slightly, reaching a maximum of 25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit) on Sunday. Overall, the wind conditions in Aleppo are favorable for outdoor activities and daily life.

Spring and Autumn (March-May, September-November)

Spring and autumn offer the most pleasant weather for exploring Aleppo. Temperatures are mild, ranging from the 60s to 70s Fahrenheit, and the air is clear and crisp. With average rainfall of less than 2 inches per month during these seasons, you can enjoy sunny days and warm evenings without the oppressive heat of summer. Moreover, the city comes alive with vibrant colors as flowers bloom and trees turn golden, creating a stunning backdrop for your travels.

Avoid Summer (June-August)

Summer in Aleppo is characterized by scorching temperatures that can exceed 100 Fahrenheit. The humidity levels are also very high, making it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outdoors. Limited rainfall during these months can also lead to dry conditions and increased dust and pollution. While there may be occasional glimpses of sunshine, it is advisable to limit your sightseeing and plan activities during the early mornings or late afternoons to minimize exposure to the extreme heat.

Current Solar Energy Landscape

Despite the ongoing conflict, Syria has recognized the potential of solar energy to address its energy needs. In 2018, the country unveiled its first solar photovoltaic (PV) plant in the northern province of Aleppo. The plant, with a capacity of 1.4 megawatts peak (MWp), is estimated to generate up to 2.2 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity annually, providing power to the surrounding areas. Additionally, numerous small-scale rooftop PV systems have been installed in Aleppo to supplement the city’s energy supply.

Potential and Challenges

Aleppo has a high solar radiation potential, with an average of 5.5-6.0 kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m2) per day. This makes the city an ideal location for large-scale solar projects. However, the ongoing conflict and political instability pose significant challenges to the development of solar energy in Aleppo. The destruction of infrastructure, lack of investment, and security concerns hinder the implementation of solar projects and the grid integration of renewable energy sources. Despite these challenges, the potential for solar energy in Aleppo remains promising.

Landforms in Aleppo, Syria

Aleppo, Syria, is situated in a region characterized by diverse landforms. Predominantly, the city lies within the vast Syrian steppe, which stretches across eastern and central Syria. The steppe is a semi-arid plateau with low-lying hills, rolling plains, and vast tracts of desert. The land is generally flat with scattered outcrops of rocky terrains. Prominent hills in the vicinity of Aleppo include Jabal al-Furqan and Jabal al-Buthna.

Water Bodies in Aleppo, Syria

Aleppo’s water features are a vital aspect of the city’s topography. The most notable water body is the Qweiq River, which meanders through the city’s heart and serves as a source of irrigation and domestic water supply. Additionally, there are numerous springs and wells located throughout Aleppo, which provide essential water resources for the population. The presence of these water bodies has shaped Aleppo’s settlement patterns and urban development for centuries.

Aleppo International Airport

Aleppo International Airport (ALP) was once a major transportation hub in northern Syria. However, due to the ongoing conflict in the region, the airport has been closed since 2012. Prior to its closure, ALP served as a gateway to the city of Aleppo and the surrounding region. It offered both domestic and international flights to destinations such as Damascus, Istanbul, and Dubai. The airport played a significant role in the economic development of Aleppo and facilitated trade and tourism.

Closest airports to Aleppo

With Aleppo International Airport remaining closed, the nearest alternative airports for travelers are:

• Adana Şakirpaşa Airport (ADA): Located in Turkey, approximately 140 km northwest of Aleppo. ADA offers domestic and international flights to major cities in Turkey and Europe.
• Gaziantep Oğuzeli Airport (GZT): Situated in Turkey, around 80 km west of Aleppo. GZT provides domestic flights within Turkey and a limited number of international routes.
• Damascus International Airport (DAM): Located in the capital of Syria, approximately 370 km southwest of Aleppo. DAM serves as the primary international airport for Syria and offers flights to various destinations in the Middle East, Europe, and Asia.

The Devastation of Aleppo

Aleppo, Syria, once a vibrant and bustling city known as “The Jewel of the Levant,” has been ravaged by the country’s ongoing civil war. The conflict has left the city in ruins, with an estimated 80% of its buildings destroyed or damaged. The fighting has forced millions of residents to flee, leaving behind a devastated population and an irreparable scar on the city’s rich cultural heritage.

The conflict in Aleppo began in 2012, when rebel groups seized control of eastern neighborhoods. Government forces responded with a brutal siege, which lasted nearly four years. During this time, the city was subjected to relentless bombardments, indiscriminate shelling, and sniping. The United Nations estimated that over 100,000 civilians were killed in Aleppo during the war, including countless children. The city’s historic monuments, including the iconic Umayyad Mosque, were heavily damaged or destroyed, testament to the senseless violence that had engulfed the city.