Al Qatif Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Saudi Arabia
Summer (May – October)
Summer in Al Qatif is characterized by scorching heat and extremely low humidity. Temperatures typically range between 35°C (95°F) and 45°C (113°F), with the hottest months being July and August. The unrelenting heat can be oppressive, making it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outdoors. However, low humidity levels provide some relief from the oppressive warmth, as sweat evaporates quickly. Rainfall is scarce during the summer months, with most days experiencing clear skies and intense sunshine.
Winter (November – April)
Winters in Al Qatif are mild and pleasant, with temperatures hovering around 15°C (59°F) during the day and dropping to about 5°C (41°F) at night. The weather is generally dry and sunny, with occasional light rain showers. The cooler temperatures make it ideal for outdoor activities and exploring the city. Although winters are relatively mild, nighttime temperatures can dip below freezing on rare occasions, especially in January and February.
Summer Temperature
Al Qatif experiences scorching summers, characterized by relentless heat and humidity. The average summer temperature in Al Qatif ranges between 34°C (93°F) and 46°C (115°F). The hottest months are typically July and August, when temperatures can soar to extreme highs, making it almost unbearable to spend time outdoors during the day. The high humidity levels during this season further amplify the discomfort, making it challenging for both locals and tourists alike.
Winter Temperature
In contrast to its scorching summers, Al Qatif enjoys mild and pleasant winters. The average winter temperature ranges from 10°C (50°F) to 22°C (72°F), with December and January being the coldest months. Nights can get slightly chilly, but daytime temperatures are generally comfortable, allowing for outdoor activities. The winter season in Al Qatif is characterized by occasional rainfall, providing a welcome respite from the dry summer months.
Cirrus Clouds
Cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals and appear as thin, wispy streaks in the sky. They are the highest clouds in the atmosphere and are often seen during fair weather. Cirrus clouds are an indicator of stable atmospheric conditions and are not associated with precipitation. In Al Qatif, Saudi Arabia, cirrus clouds are prevalent during the summer months when the air is warm and dry.
Cumulus Clouds
Cumulus clouds are characterized by their puffy, cotton-ball appearance. They are typically associated with fair weather, although larger cumulus clouds can develop into towering thunderclouds. Cumulus clouds are formed by rising air currents that carry moisture from the Earth’s surface. In Al Qatif, cumulus clouds are common during the morning and evening hours when the air is relatively cool. As the day progresses and the air warms, cumulus clouds can grow taller and merge to form larger cloud formations.
Monthly Precipitation Patterns
Al Qatif, a coastal city in Saudi Arabia, experiences a desert climate with extremely low precipitation throughout the year. The average annual rainfall is a mere 10 mm, with the majority occurring during the months of January and February. These winter months bring occasional light showers, but the total precipitation is still minimal, averaging around 4 mm per month. From March to November, Al Qatif receives virtually no rainfall, with monthly totals typically below 1 mm. As a result, the region faces severe water scarcity, relying heavily on desalination and groundwater extraction.
Influence of Geographical Factors
The scarcity of precipitation in Al Qatif can be attributed to several geographical factors. The city’s location on the Arabian Peninsula, far from any major water bodies, limits the availability of moisture for precipitation. Additionally, the prevailing wind patterns in the region contribute to the dry conditions. The northeastern trade winds, which dominate most of the year, originate from the arid deserts of the Arabian interior, carrying little moisture. The absence of mountain ranges or other geographical barriers to trap moisture further exacerbates the precipitation deficit in Al Qatif.
Average Rainfall
Al Qatif, Saudi Arabia experiences an arid climate, characterized by extremely low rainfall throughout the year. The average annual precipitation in Al Qatif is around 70 millimeters (2.8 inches), making it one of the driest regions in the country. The city receives virtually no rainfall during the summer months from June to September, and the majority of the precipitation occurs during the winter, from November to April. During these months, occasional showers or thunderstorms may occur, but heavy rainfall events are rare.
Seasonal Variations
The seasonal distribution of rainfall in Al Qatif is highly variable. Some years may experience higher-than-average rainfall during the winter, while others may receive very little. The wettest months are typically January and February, while the driest months are July and August. Long-term climate data indicate that Al Qatif has experienced a gradual decrease in rainfall over the past few decades, consistent with the trend towards increasing aridity in the Arabian Peninsula. This variability in precipitation poses significant challenges for water management and agricultural practices in the region, requiring efficient water conservation and drought preparedness measures.
Historical Snowfall Event
In January 2023, the northeastern Saudi Arabian city of Al Qatif witnessed an unprecedented snowfall, the first in the region’s recorded history. The snowfall, caused by a cold front sweeping across the Arabian Peninsula, occurred in conjunction with heavy rainfall. The snow accumulation reached approximately 10 centimeters in some areas, covering the ground with a white blanket and creating a surreal winter wonderland. The event drew curious onlookers and photographers who captured the extraordinary sight.
Impact on the Community
The snowfall in Al Qatif took the residents by surprise and had a significant impact on the community. Schools and businesses were closed for several days as snow blanketed the streets, making transportation difficult. The unusual weather conditions also affected local agriculture, with farmers expressing concerns about potential damage to crops. However, the snowfall also brought a sense of joy and excitement to the residents, who had never experienced such an event before. Many celebrated by building snowmen and throwing snowballs, creating memories that would last a lifetime.
Sunrise and Sunset
The sun rises and sets over the horizon in Al Qatif, Saudi Arabia, just as it does in other parts of the world. The specific timing of sunrise and sunset varies throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt on its axis. During the summer months, the sun rises earlier and sets later, resulting in longer daylight hours. Conversely, during the winter months, the sun rises later and sets earlier, leading to shorter daylight hours.
Sunshine Hours
Al Qatif enjoys ample sunshine throughout the year. On average, the city receives over 3,000 hours of sunshine annually. The sunniest months are typically June, July, and August, with each receiving an average of over 320 hours of sunshine per month. Even during the cloudiest months, such as December and January, Al Qatif still receives an average of over 200 hours of sunshine per month. The abundant sunshine makes Al Qatif an ideal destination for outdoor activities, tourism, and renewable energy projects.
Moon Visibility in Al Qatif
The sighting of the new moon in Al Qatif, Saudi Arabia, holds immense religious and cultural significance. In Islam, the moon’s appearance marks the beginning of each lunar month, including the start of the holy month of Ramadan and the two major religious festivals, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. The visibility of the moon is therefore eagerly awaited and carefully observed by the local Muslim community.
The moon’s appearance is typically determined through astronomical calculations or physical sighting. In Al Qatif, the local moon sighting committee, comprised of prominent religious scholars and astronomers, gathers at designated observation points to scrutinize the western horizon for the first glimpse of the crescent moon. If the moon is not visible on the expected date, the month is extended by one day. The official announcement of the moon’s sighting is then disseminated to mosques and the broader community, signaling the commencement of religious observances and celebrations.
Seasonal Variations of Humidity in Al Qatif
Al Qatif, a city on the east coast of Saudi Arabia, experiences significant fluctuations in humidity throughout the year. The annual average humidity ranges between 45% and 70%, varying depending on the season. During the cooler months from November to April, the humidity level typically hovers around 45-50%, providing a relatively comfortable climate. However, as the temperatures begin to rise in May, the humidity levels start to increase, reaching their peak during the summer months (June to September). During this period, the humidity can soar as high as 70-80%, creating a humid and uncomfortable environment.
Impact of Humidity on Local Residents
The high humidity levels during the summer can have a significant impact on the daily lives of Al Qatif residents. The heat combined with the humidity can lead to heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke, especially during prolonged exposure to the sun. Furthermore, the high humidity levels can exacerbate respiratory issues and allergies, causing discomfort and affecting overall health and well-being. Residents often rely on air conditioning and other cooling systems to create a more comfortable indoor environment. Additionally, the city utilizes a network of water sprinklers and fogging systems in public areas to reduce the perceived temperature and mitigate the effects of humidity.
Prevailing Wind Patterns
Al Qatif is located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, on the western shore of the Persian Gulf. The prevailing wind patterns in this region are influenced by the seasonal changes in atmospheric pressure over the Arabian Peninsula. During the summer months, the prevailing wind direction is from the northwest to the southeast, bringing warm and dry air from the interior. These winds are known as the “Shamal” winds and are associated with clear skies and high temperatures.
Seasonal Shifts
In the winter months, the prevailing wind direction shifts to the northeast to the southwest, bringing cooler and more humid air from the Persian Gulf. These winds are known as the “Al Bahri” winds and are associated with increased cloud cover and occasional rainfall. The transitional periods between these two seasons witness variable wind patterns, with winds often shifting direction and speed.
Summer (June-August):
Al Qatif experiences scorching heat during summer, with temperatures soaring well above 40°C (104°F). The humidity levels are also high, making it uncomfortable to spend extended periods outdoors. The intense heat can be dangerous, especially for those with underlying health conditions or the elderly. However, the summer months offer some advantages: the dates are in season and at their ripest, providing a delicious treat for visitors. Additionally, the warm evenings are perfect for enjoying traditional Saudi coffee and dates in the courtyards or souqs.
Winter (November-March):
Winter is the most pleasant time to visit Al Qatif, with mild temperatures ranging between 15-25°C (59-77°F). The humidity levels are also relatively low, making it comfortable to explore the city’s attractions. The winter months are perfect for outdoor activities such as visiting the historic Tarout Castle, strolling through the bustling souqs, or enjoying a picnic in one of the city’s many parks. The weather is also ideal for swimming, fishing, or boating in the Arabian Gulf.
Potential of Solar Energy in Al Qatif:
Al Qatif, located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, possesses exceptional solar potential due to its high insolation levels and arid climate. The region receives approximately 2,900 sunshine hours annually, one of the highest in the country. This abundance of solar energy presents a significant opportunity for clean and renewable power generation. Moreover, the flat topography and availability of vast undeveloped land in Al Qatif make it an ideal location for large-scale solar projects.
Current Developments and Challenges:
The Saudi government has recognized the potential of solar energy in Al Qatif and has initiated several projects to harness this resource. One notable project is the Sakaka Solar Power Plant, which is expected to produce 300 megawatts of electricity upon completion. However, the development of solar energy in Al Qatif faces some challenges. The high cost of solar panels, the need for efficient energy storage systems, and the intermittent nature of solar power are some of the obstacles that need to be overcome in order to fully exploit the potential of this clean energy source.
Landscape and Landforms
Al Qatif, located in eastern Saudi Arabia, boasts a diverse and captivating topography. The city is primarily characterized by its low-lying, flat terrain, which gradually slopes towards the Persian Gulf. This flat landscape is interrupted by several prominent elevations, including Al-Ghat Hill and Al-Uwayqiliyah Hill, which offer panoramic views of the surrounding area. Additionally, Al Qatif is home to a series of interconnected saltwater lagoons known as the Al-Qatif Oasis, a unique ecological feature that attracts numerous migratory birds and enriches the biodiversity of the region.
Coastal Features
The coastal area of Al Qatif is defined by a series of sandy beaches and a shallow coastline. The beaches are composed of fine sand and offer idyllic settings for swimming, sunbathing, and recreational activities. The shallow waters create a favorable environment for various marine species, including sea turtles, dolphins, and a diverse array of fish. The coastline is dotted with numerous small islands, which provide nesting sites for seabirds and add to the scenic beauty of the coastal landscape.
King Fahd International Airport
King Fahd International Airport (IATA: DMM, ICAO: OEDF) is the primary airport serving Al Qatif and the wider Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Located approximately 15 kilometers south of Dammam city center, it is one of the largest and busiest airports in the Kingdom. King Fahd International Airport offers a wide range of domestic and international flights, with direct connections to major cities in the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The airport features two passenger terminals, numerous retail and dining options, and state-of-the-art facilities to ensure a comfortable and efficient travel experience for passengers.
Other Nearby Airports
In addition to King Fahd International Airport, there are two other airports located within reasonable distance of Al Qatif:
- Dammam Regional Airport (IATA: DMM, ICAO: OEDR): This smaller airport, also known as Dammam Domestic Airport, is primarily used for domestic flights within Saudi Arabia. It is situated approximately 20 kilometers northwest of Al Qatif and offers limited international services.
- Bahrain International Airport (IATA: BAH, ICAO: OBBI): Located across the King Fahd Causeway in the neighboring island nation of Bahrain, Bahrain International Airport is another convenient option for travelers to and from Al Qatif. It boasts a wider range of international destinations compared to Dammam Regional Airport, including connections to major hubs in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
Geography and History
Al Qatif is a city in eastern Saudi Arabia, situated on the coast of the Persian Gulf. It is the capital of the Eastern Province and one of the oldest cities in the Arabian Peninsula. The city was once a major trading hub and cultural center, and it has a rich history dating back to ancient times. Al Qatif was ruled by various empires over the centuries, including the Babylonians, Assyrians, Persians, and Ottomans. In 1932, it became part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Economy and Culture
Al Qatif is a major economic and industrial center. The city is home to several petrochemical plants, oil refineries, and other industries. It also has a thriving agricultural sector, with dates, citrus fruits, and vegetables being major products. Culturally, Al Qatif is a diverse city with a mix of Arab, Persian, and African influences. The city is known for its traditional architecture, its vibrant markets, and its rich culinary scene. Al Qatif is also home to several museums and cultural centers that showcase the region’s history and heritage.