Al Mafraq Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Jordan
Climate and Average Weather Year Round in Al Mafraq, Jordan
Al Mafraq, Jordan, experiences a subtropical desert climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cool winters. The city’s location in the eastern part of the country, bordered by the Syrian Desert, influences its climate, resulting in scorching temperatures during the summer months. From June to August, the average high temperature reaches a sizzling 95°F (35°C), with little to no precipitation.
During the winter months, Al Mafraq enjoys pleasant weather, with average high temperatures hovering around 61°F (16°C) from December to February. However, cold nights are common, with temperatures dropping below freezing on occasion. The annual precipitation in Al Mafraq is relatively low, averaging around 6 inches (150 mm) per year. The majority of the precipitation occurs during the winter and spring months, while the summer months are typically dry.
Seasonal Temperatures
The average temperature in Al Mafraq, Jordan, varies throughout the year. During the summer months, from June to August, the average temperature ranges between 30°C (86°F) and 35°C (95°F). The hottest month is July, with an average temperature of 35°C (95°F). During the winter months, from December to February, the average temperature drops significantly, ranging between 5°C (41°F) and 10°C (50°F). The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 5°C (41°F).
Precipitation and Humidity
The annual rainfall in Al Mafraq is relatively low, averaging around 200 millimeters (7.8 inches). The wettest months are February and March, with an average rainfall of 40 millimeters (1.6 inches) each month. The driest months are June and July, with an average rainfall of less than 5 millimeters (0.2 inches) each month. The relative humidity in Al Mafraq is generally low, ranging from 40% to 60% throughout the year. However, it can increase slightly during the winter months due to the cooler temperatures and increased precipitation.
Cloud Characteristics and Formation
Clouds in Al Mafraq, Jordan, exhibit diverse characteristics due to the region’s semi-arid climate. The most prevalent cloud type is the cirrus, which forms high in the atmosphere and is composed of ice crystals. Cirrus clouds often appear as thin, wispy streaks and do not produce precipitation. Stratus clouds, on the other hand, are low-lying and can bring drizzle or light rain. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy and cauliflower-like appearance, may produce showers or even thunderstorms under certain conditions.
Cloud Cover and Precipitation
Cloud cover in Al Mafraq varies throughout the year. During the winter months, cloud cover is generally low, allowing for ample sunshine. However, during the summer months, cloud cover can increase due to the formation of convective clouds, such as cumulus and cumulonimbus. These clouds may produce showers or thunderstorms, which can bring much-needed precipitation to the region. Annual rainfall in Al Mafraq is typically low, averaging around 200-300 millimeters per year. However, the distribution of rainfall can be variable, with some years experiencing more precipitation than others.
Annual Distribution
Al Mafraq, Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct variations in precipitation throughout the year. Annual precipitation averages around 230 mm (9 inches), concentrated mainly during the winter months from November to April. The wettest month is January, with an average rainfall of 50 mm (2 inches). During this period, cold fronts from the Mediterranean Sea interact with warm, moist air from the Arabian Peninsula, leading to frequent precipitation.
Seasonal Variations
During the summer months (May to September), precipitation is scarce, with average monthly rainfall often below 5 mm (0.2 inches). The scorching desert winds and lack of moisture create hot and dry conditions. However, sporadic thunderstorms can occur during the summer, providing temporary relief from the oppressive heat. These thunderstorms are often associated with the occasional formation of seasonal pools known as “wadis,” which become flash flood hazards during intense rainfall.
Rainfall Patterns and Trends
Al Mafraq, Jordan, experiences a semi-arid climate with limited rainfall. The region’s average annual rainfall ranges from 150 to 250 mm, with variations depending on elevation. Rainfall is concentrated during the winter months, from November to March, due to the influence of Mediterranean depressions that bring moisture from the west. Summer months are typically dry, with occasional thunderstorms.
Long-term rainfall records indicate a gradual decline in precipitation over the past few decades. This trend is attributed to climate change and global warming, which have altered the atmospheric circulation patterns that bring rainfall to the region. The decline in rainfall has significant implications for water availability, agriculture, and the local economy.
Snowfall in Al Mafraq, Jordan
The city of Al Mafraq, located in northern Jordan, experienced a rare snowfall event in early 2023. The snowfall began in the early hours of January 20, coating the city in a blanket of white. Temperatures dropped below freezing, creating icy conditions and disrupting daily life. Schools and businesses were closed as snowplows and road crews worked tirelessly to clear the streets. The snowfall continued sporadically throughout the day, accumulating to a depth of several inches in some areas.
The heavy snowfall caused significant transportation disruptions, making it difficult for residents to travel both within and outside of the city. Vehicles were stranded on the roads, and public transportation was severely impacted. The snowfall also caused power outages in some neighborhoods, leaving residents without electricity for several hours. Additionally, the cold temperatures and slippery conditions posed a health and safety risk to the elderly and those with respiratory issues, prompting local authorities to issue warnings and provide assistance to vulnerable populations.
Sunlight Characteristics
Al Mafraq, Jordan, experiences ample sunshine throughout the year due to its location in the rain shadow of the coastal mountains and the region’s arid climate. The city receives an average of 3,200 hours of sunlight annually, which is higher than most regions globally. The intense sunlight is particularly evident during the summer months, from May to September, when the average daily sunshine duration exceeds 13 hours. During this period, the solar radiation index, a measure of the sun’s strength, often reaches levels of 10 or higher, indicating that protective measures against excessive exposure are crucial.
Seasonal Variations
The amount of sunlight in Al Mafraq varies seasonally, with the winter months receiving fewer sunshine hours than the summer. From November to March, the average daily sunshine duration decreases to around 7 hours, although the solar radiation index remains relatively high. During the spring and fall months, the city experiences an intermediate level of sunshine, with average daily durations ranging from 9 to 11 hours. Despite the seasonal variations, Al Mafraq generally enjoys an abundance of sunlight, making it an ideal location for solar energy utilization and outdoor activities.
Observation and Significance
The Moon, Earth’s celestial companion, is often visible from Al Mafraq, Jordan. Its rising and setting times vary throughout the year due to the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. During its crescent or gibbous phases, the Moon appears as a curved disk in the sky. Its full phase, when the entire face is illuminated, presents a mesmerizing sight, casting a soft glow over the desert landscape. The Moon plays a pivotal role in Islamic culture and is often used to determine the start of Ramadan and other religious events.
Cultural Impact on Local Beliefs and Practices
In Al Mafraq, the Moon is deeply entwined with local traditions and beliefs. It is believed to influence the weather, crops, and even human emotions. The appearance of a new moon is often associated with fresh starts and new beginnings. Farmers consult lunar cycles to determine the optimal time for planting and harvesting. The Moon’s position in the sky is also used for navigation, particularly by Bedouin tribes who rely on its guidance while traversing the vast desert. The full moon, known as the “Moon of Unity,” is considered a time of celebration and gathering. People gather to share food, tell stories, and perform traditional dances, creating a vibrant atmosphere under the celestial canopy.
Seasonal Humidity Variations
Al Mafraq, renowned for its desert climate, experiences significant seasonal variations in humidity. During the hot and dry summer months (May-October), relative humidity levels typically hover around 20-30%. The scorching heat and low precipitation contribute to a lack of moisture in the air. However, as winter approaches (November-April), the temperature drops, and humidity levels rise. The region receives sporadic rainfall during this season, which helps increase the moisture content in the air, resulting in relative humidity levels averaging between 50-60%.
Impact on Health and Well-being
Humidity levels in Al Mafraq have a noticeable impact on both human health and overall well-being. The low humidity during summer can cause skin dryness, respiratory issues, and discomfort. Staying hydrated and using humidifiers indoors can help alleviate these effects. Conversely, the higher humidity during winter can be beneficial for skin and respiratory health, but it can also lead to mold growth and other moisture-related problems in homes and buildings. Maintaining adequate ventilation and using dehumidifiers can help mitigate these concerns and ensure a comfortable indoor environment.
Wind Patterns and Seasonality
Al Mafraq, Jordan, experiences distinct wind patterns throughout the year. During the winter months (October to May), northwesterly and westerly winds prevail, bringing cold and humid air from the Mediterranean Sea. These winds often result in cloudy skies and precipitation in the form of rain or snow. In the summer months (June to September), the prevailing winds shift to southwesterly and southeasterly, bringing dry and hot air from the Arabian Desert. These winds can often lead to sandstorms and high temperatures, with daily highs exceeding 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit).
Impact on Local Climate and Environment
The strong and persistent winds in Al Mafraq have a significant impact on the local climate and environment. The northwesterly and westerly winds during the winter months contribute to the city’s relatively mild winter temperatures, with average lows hovering around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit). The summer winds from the Arabian Desert, on the other hand, bring extreme heat and dryness. The strong gusts can also lead to soil erosion, causing damage to agricultural lands and natural ecosystems. Furthermore, the dust carried by the wind can reduce visibility and pose health risks for residents with respiratory conditions.
Spring (March-May):
Spring in Al Mafraq is a season of rejuvenation and beauty, with temperatures ranging from mild to warm. The average temperature during these months hovers around 20°C (68°F), providing comfortable conditions for outdoor exploration and activities. Rainfall is minimal during spring, ensuring clear skies and ample sunshine. As the greenery awakens from its winter slumber, Al Mafraq transforms into a vibrant tapestry of blooming flowers and lush meadows. Visitors can enjoy scenic walks amidst the rolling hills, marvel at the vibrant colors of wildflowers, and immerse themselves in the tranquility of nature’s embrace.
Autumn (September-November):
Autumn in Al Mafraq is equally enchanting, offering a respite from the summer heat and a chance to witness the changing seasons. Temperatures gradually cool down, with an average range of 15-20°C (59-68°F). The autumn foliage paints the landscape in hues of gold and crimson, creating breathtaking views. As the days grow shorter, the skies become clearer, providing perfect conditions for stargazing. The crisp autumn air invites travelers to embark on leisurely hikes along scenic trails, enjoy cozy evenings by the fireside, and savor the flavors of seasonal cuisine.
Potential and Utilization:
Al Mafraq, Jordan, possesses abundant solar energy potential due to its location in the Jordan Valley’s arid and sunny climate. The region receives an average of 320 sunny days per year, with high levels of solar irradiance. This favorable climate makes the area ideal for the development and utilization of solar energy technologies. Several large-scale solar power projects have been established in Al Mafraq, contributing significantly to Jordan’s renewable energy goals.
Economic and Environmental Benefits:
The development of solar energy in Al Mafraq has had numerous economic and environmental benefits. The establishment of solar farms has created job opportunities in construction, operation, and maintenance, boosting the local economy. Additionally, solar energy is a clean and sustainable source of electricity that helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. By utilizing solar energy, Al Mafraq is contributing to Jordan’s energy security and environmental sustainability goals, while also promoting economic growth in the region.
Elevation and Relief
Al Mafraq is situated in the northern region of Jordan, along the border with Syria. Its topography is characterized by a gradual elevation from west to east. The city lies in a valley formed by the Jordan Rift Valley to the west and the Jebel Druze highlands to the east. The elevation of Al Mafraq ranges from approximately 210 meters above sea level in the west at the Jordan Valley to over 1,200 meters above sea level in the east at Jebel Druze. This elevation change creates a notable topography, with hills and mountains dominating the eastern part of the region.
Geological Features
The topography of Al Mafraq is shaped by its geological history. The region is composed of a mix of sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Limestone, sandstone, and basalt are common throughout the area. The Jordan Valley, which lies to the west of Al Mafraq, is a graben or a down-faulted block of the earth’s crust. The Jebel Druze highlands, to the east, are formed by ancient volcanic activity. The region also features several wadis or dry riverbeds, which originate in the mountains and flow into the Jordan Valley. These wadis play a significant role in shaping the landscape and providing water resources for the local population.
Al Mafraq Airport
Al Mafraq Airport (AQJ) is a small airport located in the eastern Jordanian city of Al Mafraq. It is the main airport serving the region and primarily handles domestic flights. The airport is relatively new, having opened in 2017, and is equipped with basic amenities to accommodate passengers. AQJ is situated about 10 kilometers from the city center, making it convenient for travelers. The airport plays a crucial role in facilitating connectivity within Jordan and linking the eastern region with other parts of the country.
Nearby Major Airports
While Al Mafraq Airport provides convenient access for local and regional travel, travelers may consider larger airports nearby for international flights or connections to major destinations. The nearest major airports to Al Mafraq are:
- Queen Alia International Airport (AMM): Located about 75 kilometers southwest of Al Mafraq, AMM is the main international airport in Jordan. It offers a wide range of domestic and international flights, connecting to destinations across the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and North America.
- Amman Civil Airport (ADJ): Situated about 50 kilometers southwest of Al Mafraq, ADJ is a smaller airport primarily used for charter flights, cargo operations, and military aviation. It can provide alternative options for private or specialized travel needs.
History and Culture
Al Mafraq, nestled in northern Jordan, boasts a rich historical heritage dating back to biblical times. As a strategic location along ancient trade routes, it witnessed the rise and fall of civilizations. The city holds significant historical sites, including the ruins of the Roman city of Gerasa, where remnants of an amphitheater, baths, and temples stand as a testament to the region’s past glory. Al Mafraq’s cultural tapestry is woven with traditions of the local Bedouin tribes, known for their hospitality and nomadic lifestyle. Visitors can immerse themselves in the city’s vibrant cultural scene, exploring museums and cultural centers that showcase its unique history and heritage.
Geography and Economy
Al Mafraq is situated approximately 90 kilometers northeast of Amman, Jordan’s capital. It serves as the capital of Al Mafraq Governorate and is a prominent agricultural hub in the country. The city’s strategic location, at the intersection of major highways, has fostered its commercial development. Al Mafraq is a key trading center for goods from both Jordan and neighboring countries, contributing significantly to the regional economy. The city’s economic activities include agriculture, livestock farming, and various industries. Al Mafraq also hosts numerous regional and international conferences and events, further cementing its position as a vital economic center in Jordan.