Al Hasakah Climate & Monthly Temperature Overview – Syria
Climate
Al-Hasakah, Syria, experiences a hot, dry summer Mediterranean climate. Summer temperatures soar, with average highs reaching 40°C (104°F) in July and August. Summer nights are also warm, with temperatures rarely dropping below 25°C (77°F). In contrast, winters are relatively mild, with average temperatures hovering around 5°C (41°F) in January, the coldest month. Snowfall is rare, but the city does experience occasional frost. Overall, Al-Hasakah has a moderate climate, with pleasant temperatures for much of the year.
Average Weather Year Round
The average annual temperature in Al-Hasakah is 17.8°C (64°F). The city receives an average of 250 mm (9.8 in) of precipitation per year, which is mostly concentrated in the winter months. The driest month is July, with an average precipitation of only 1 mm (0.04 in). The wettest month is March, with an average precipitation of 40 mm (1.6 in). Al-Hasakah enjoys an average of 3,000 sunshine hours per year, making it a sunny and bright city. The best time to visit Al-Hasakah is during the spring or fall, when the temperatures are mild and the humidity is low.
Monthly Average Temperatures
Al Hasakah, a city located in northeastern Syria, experiences a continental climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cold, wet winters. The average annual temperature is 17.8°C (64°F), with significant seasonal variations.
During the summer months (June to August), temperatures soar to an average high of 38°C (100°F) and a low of 22°C (72°F). July is typically the hottest month, with average temperatures reaching a scorching 40°C (104°F). The intense heat is exacerbated by the arid climate, resulting in extremely low humidity levels.
Seasonal Temperature Variations
In contrast to the scorching summers, winters in Al Hasakah are relatively cold and wet. From December to February, average temperatures drop to a high of 8°C (46°F) and a low of 0°C (32°F). January is the coldest month, with average temperatures dipping to -2°C (28°F). The city experiences frequent rainfall during the winter months, contributing to the wet and gloomy conditions.
Rainfall and Humidity
Rainfall is relatively scarce in Al Hasakah, with an average annual precipitation of just 280 mm (11 inches). The majority of the rainfall occurs during the winter months, while the summer months are typically dry. As a result, the city experiences low humidity levels throughout the year, averaging around 30%.
Cloud Types and Characteristics
Al Hasakah, Syria experiences a wide range of cloud formations due to its unique geographical location at the confluence of different air masses. Cumulus clouds, characterized by their puffy, cotton-like appearance, are often observed during fair weather. These clouds typically form at low altitudes and indicate stable atmospheric conditions. Cirrus clouds, on the other hand, are thin, wispy clouds that appear at high altitudes. They are composed of ice crystals and often indicate dry, clear conditions. Cumulonimbus clouds, the most impressive of all cloud types, are towering thunderstorms that can produce heavy rain, hail, and lightning.
Seasonal Variations
The timing and frequency of cloud formations in Al Hasakah vary with the seasons. During spring and autumn, the region experiences a mix of fair weather and occasional cloud cover. Summer months are characterized by hot, dry conditions with prevalent clear skies. In contrast, winter months are colder and wetter, with frequent cloud cover and increased precipitation. The presence of clouds plays a vital role in regulating the region’s temperature and hydrological cycle. Clouds provide shade, reduce evaporation, and contribute to the formation of dew and fog.
Annual Precipitation Trends
Al Hasakah experiences a semi-arid climate, with average annual precipitation ranging between 250-350 millimeters (9.8-13.8 inches). The wet season typically extends from October to May, while the dry season lasts during the summer months. During the wet season, precipitation is primarily driven by Mediterranean cyclones, which bring heavy rainfall to the region.
Seasonal Variability and Distribution
Precipitation in Al Hasakah is unevenly distributed throughout the year. The wettest months are January and February, which receive an average of 50-60 millimeters (2-2.4 inches) of rainfall respectively. In contrast, the driest months are July and August, which receive negligible amounts of rainfall. The city experiences a distinct rainy season from December to April, with sporadic rainfall outside these months. The intensity and frequency of rainfall during the wet season can vary significantly from year to year.
Average Rainfall and Distribution
Al Hasakah, located in northeastern Syria, experiences an average annual rainfall of around 400 millimeters (mm). The city’s rainfall pattern is influenced by its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, with most precipitation occurring during the winter and spring months. From October to May, the city receives a significant amount of rainfall, with monthly averages ranging from 25 to 75 mm. During the summer months (June to September), rainfall is scarce, with monthly averages below 10 mm.
Seasonal Variability and Trends
The rainfall in Al Hasakah exhibits seasonal variability, with higher precipitation during the winter and spring and lower precipitation during the summer. However, there have been recent trends towards a decrease in annual rainfall and an increase in the frequency and intensity of droughts. These trends are attributed to factors such as climate change and changes in the regional circulation patterns. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events, including droughts and floods, poses challenges to agriculture, water resources, and the overall livelihood of the communities in the region.
Impact on Infrastructure and Services
The heavy snowfall has significantly disrupted infrastructure and services in Al Hasakah. Power outages and water shortages have become widespread, leaving thousands of residents without access to essential utilities. Communication networks have also been affected, making it difficult for people to stay connected and access emergency services. The snowfall has also blocked roads, paralyzing transportation and hindering the delivery of humanitarian aid. Essential services such as hospitals and schools have been forced to close, further exacerbating the challenges faced by the local population.
Humanitarian Concerns
The extreme weather conditions have raised grave humanitarian concerns for the vulnerable population of Al Hasakah. Many residents live in makeshift shelters and informal settlements, which offer little protection from the cold and snow. Displaced families and those living in poverty are particularly at risk, as they lack adequate heating and supplies to cope with the harsh weather. The snowfall has also increased the risk of respiratory infections and hypothermia, especially among children and the elderly. The situation is particularly dire for those who cannot afford to purchase warm clothing or fuel for heating. Urgent humanitarian assistance is needed to address the immediate needs of the affected population and mitigate the long-term impacts of the snowfall.
Sunrise and Sunset
In Al Hasakah, Syria, the duration of daylight varies significantly throughout the year due to the Earth’s tilt and the city’s latitude. Sunrise typically occurs around 6:30 AM in the summer months, when the days are longest, and around 7:30 AM in the winter months, when the days are shortest. Sunset, on the other hand, occurs between 6:30 PM and 8:00 PM, depending on the season. The longest days are experienced in June, with over 14 hours of daylight, while the shortest days occur in December, with just over 10 hours of sunlight.
Solar Radiation
Al Hasakah receives an abundant amount of solar radiation, with average daily solar insolation ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 kWh/m². The city experiences a warm and sunny climate, with long and hot summers. The highest solar radiation levels occur during the summer months, when the sun is at its highest in the sky. During this time, temperatures can reach up to 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit), and the sun’s intensity can be overwhelming. In winter, however, solar radiation levels are significantly lower, with temperatures dropping to an average of around 5 degrees Celsius (41 degrees Fahrenheit).
Moon Visibility in Al Hasakah, Syria
The timing and appearance of the moon in Al Hasakah, Syria, vary throughout the month due to the Earth’s rotation and the moon’s orbit around the Earth. The Islamic calendar, widely followed in Syria, uses lunar phases to determine religious holidays and festivals. The new moon, called “hilal” in Arabic, marks the beginning of each month and is eagerly anticipated to signal the start of Ramadan, the month of fasting, and Eid al-Fitr, the festival celebrating its end.
During the first few days after the new moon, the crescent moon is visible in the western sky just after sunset. As the days progress, the moon rises later each night and becomes more prominent in the sky. During the full moon phase, the moon is visible all night, rising in the east and setting in the west. The moon’s visibility is influenced by atmospheric conditions, such as cloud cover and haze, which can occasionally obscure or diminish its appearance.
Annual Humidity Patterns
Al Hasakah, located in northeastern Syria, experiences relatively high humidity throughout the year. The average annual relative humidity is around 60%, with significant seasonal variations. During the hot and dry summer months (June to August), humidity levels typically drop to around 35-45%, providing some respite from the sweltering temperatures. However, during the cooler winter months (December to February), humidity rises to an average of 70-80%. This high humidity, combined with the cold temperatures, can create a damp and uncomfortable environment.
Impact on Weather and Climate
High humidity in Al Hasakah significantly affects the city’s weather and climate. In summer, the high humidity levels can make the heat feel even more oppressive, leading to heat stress and discomfort. The combination of high temperatures and humidity can also lead to heat exhaustion and heatstroke if precautions are not taken. Conversely, in winter, the high humidity can trap heat near the ground, creating a more tolerable microclimate. Additionally, the high humidity contributes to the formation of fog and dew during the early morning and late evening hours, particularly during the colder months.
Wind Patterns in Al Hasakah
Al Hasakah, a city in northeastern Syria, experiences a semi-arid climate with distinct wind patterns. The predominant wind direction during most of the year is westerly to northwesterly. This flow is part of the prevailing westerlies that dominate the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The wind picks up moisture over the Mediterranean Sea and brings moderate precipitation to the region, contributing to its agricultural productivity.
Seasonal Variations in Wind
During the summer months, the wind pattern in Al Hasakah shifts slightly to become more southwesterly. This shift is influenced by the formation of a low-pressure area over the Arabian Peninsula. The southwesterly winds bring hot and dry air, contributing to the intense summer heat in the region. In winter, the wind direction reverts back to the usual westerly to northwesterly direction. However, cold northerly winds occasionally occur, carrying cold air masses from the Siberian High, resulting in occasional snowfall. These northerly winds can also exacerbate the already low humidity levels during winter, increasing the incidence of dust storms.
Spring (April-May):
Spring in Al Hasakah is characterized by pleasant weather with average temperatures ranging from 15 to 25 degrees Celsius (59 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit). The days are mostly sunny, with occasional showers that provide relief from the heat. The lush greenery and blooming flowers create a picturesque landscape, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities and sightseeing. The city’s parks, such as Al-Warda Park, come alive with locals enjoying picnics and strolls. The hillside of Jebel Qashman also offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding countryside.
Autumn (October-November):
Autumn brings slightly cooler temperatures to Al Hasakah, with highs averaging around 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit). The nights can get chilly, so warm clothing is recommended. The colors of the changing leaves add vibrancy to the urban landscape. This season is less crowded than summer, making it a tranquil time to explore the city’s cultural and historical sites. Visitors can delve into the history of Al Hasakah at the Al-Hasakah Museum and marvel at the architectural wonders of the Great Mosque of Al-Hasakah and the Church of St. Mary.
Solar Energy Potential
Al Hasakah, located in northeastern Syria, boasts significant solar energy potential due to its extensive sunlight exposure. The region receives an average of 6.5 kWh/m2 of solar radiation daily, significantly higher than the global average. This abundant sunlight presents a promising opportunity for harnessing solar energy and diversifying the region’s energy mix.
Solar Energy Initiatives
In recent years, there have been growing efforts to develop solar energy projects in Al Hasakah. Several small-scale solar farms have been established, providing electricity to local communities and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The largest of these farms, the Al Hasakah Solar Farm, has a capacity of 2 MW and generates enough electricity to power approximately 2,500 homes. Additionally, the government has launched a national solar energy program that includes plans to install over 1 GW of solar capacity in the country by 2030, with a significant portion allocated to Al Hasakah.
Mountains and Plateaus
Al Hasakah encompasses a diverse range of topographic features, including the impressive Jebel Abdul Aziz, a mountain range that forms the border with Turkey. The province also features the Ras al-Ain Plateau, an undulating plateau that slopes gently towards the Tigris River. These mountainous and plateau regions contribute to the province’s rugged and picturesque landscape.
Rivers and Lakes
Al Hasakah boasts two major rivers: the Khabur and the Jaghjagh. The Khabur originates in Turkey and flows through the province before emptying into the Euphrates River. The Jaghjagh originates in the Jebel Abdul Aziz mountain range and flows southwards towards the Iraq border. Both rivers provide vital water resources for agriculture and domestic use in the province. Additionally, the province is home to several small lakes, including Lake Assad, a reservoir created by the construction of the Tabqa Dam on the Euphrates River, and Lake Tiberias, a natural lake located in the Golan Heights area.
Al Qamishli Airport
Al Qamishli Airport (KAC) is the main airport serving Al Hasakah, Syria. It is located approximately 10 kilometers (6 miles) southwest of the city center. The airport has one runway, which is 2,400 meters (7,874 feet) long and 45 meters (148 feet) wide. Al Qamishli Airport is served by a number of airlines, including Syrian Air, Cham Wings Airlines, and Fly Baghdad. The airport offers flights to a number of destinations in Syria, including Damascus, Aleppo, and Latakia. It also offers flights to a number of international destinations, including Baghdad, Erbil, and Istanbul.
Other nearby airports
In addition to Al Qamishli Airport, there are a number of other airports located within a reasonable driving distance of Al Hasakah. These airports include:
- Mosul International Airport (OSM), located in Iraq, is approximately 120 kilometers (75 miles) northwest of Al Hasakah.
- Erbil International Airport (EBL), located in Iraq, is approximately 150 kilometers (93 miles) northwest of Al Hasakah.
- Sulaymaniyah International Airport (ISU), located in Iraq, is approximately 180 kilometers (112 miles) northeast of Al Hasakah.
History and Demography
Al Hasakah, situated in northeastern Syria, has a rich history dating back to ancient times. It was once an important center of the Assyrian Empire and played a significant role in regional trade. In modern times, Al Hasakah emerged as a major oil-producing hub, attracting a diverse population. The city’s vibrant cultural tapestry reflects the influence of Arab, Kurdish, Armenian, and Syriac communities.
Syrian Civil War
Al Hasakah has been severely affected by the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011. The city has witnessed intense fighting between rebel groups and government forces. Kurdish militias, initially allied with the Syrian government, later clashed with Syrian forces and gained control of much of Al Hasakah. In 2014, the city came under siege by the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS). After a protracted battle, Kurdish forces, supported by international coalition airstrikes, liberated Al Hasakah in 2015. Since then, the city has remained under the control of the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Council.